# Mongoose

```bash
yarn add mongoose
```

1. Connect mongoose as in setup
2. Create a model in ./models/somemodel.js
3. Import model in routes and use model fts

## Setup

```javascript
const mongoose = require('mongoose');

const mongoDB = 'mongodb://127.0.0.1/my_database';
mongoose.connect(mongoDB);
//usually mongoose uses pseudo promises, this tells it to use real ones
mongoose.Promise = global.Promise;

//Get the default connection
const db = mongoose.connection;
//Bind connection to error event (to get notification of connection errors)
db.on('error', console.error.bind(console, 'MongoDB connection error:'));
```

## Defining Models

Models are defined using the Schema interface.

```javascript
const mongoose = require('mongoose');
const Schema = mongoose.Schema;

const childSchema = new Schema({ name: 'string' });

//1. Define a schema
const TestSchema = new Schema({
  name: String,
  binary: Buffer,
  living: Boolean,
  updated: { type: Date, default: Date.now },
  age: { type: Number, min: 18, max: 65, required: true },
  mixed: Schema.Types.Mixed, //any type
  team_id: { type: Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: "Team" }, //allows use of populate?
  array: [],
  ofString: [String], // You can also have an array of each of the other types too.
  nested: { stuff: { type: String, lowercase: true, trim: true } },
  drink: { //enum
    type: String,
    enum: ['Coffee', 'Tea']
  },
  children: [childSchema], // Array of subdocuments
  child: childSchema //Caveat: only single nested
});
});

//2. Compile model from schema
const Test = mongoose.model("Test", TestSchema);
//will use collection called Tests adding the s

module.exports = Test;
```

#### Schema [Types](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/schematypes.html)

* Can also have instance methods, static methods, and speciality queries

  **Virtual**

Fields that dont exist in db

```javascript
AuthorSchema
.virtual('url')
.get(function () {
  return '/catalog/author/' + this._id;
});
```

Can now do Author.name

## Using Models

#### Creating

```javascript
const SomeModel = require("../models/SomeModel.js");

const awesome_instance = new SomeModel({ name: 'awesome' });
const newInstance = await awesome_instance.save();
```

*Use mongoose.Types.ObjectId(uid) to convert string to objectID*

#### Querying

Use `.exec()` to give you a promise, make sure to have set `mongoose.Promise` in setup

```javascript
const allTests = await Test.find().exec();
const users = await User.find({ 'sport': 'Tennis' }, 'name age').exec();
const athletes = await Athlete.
  find().
  where('sport').equals('Tennis').
  where('age').gt(17).lt(50).
  limit(5).
  sort({ age: -1 }). //1 asc
  select('name age').
  exec();
//look at nested {token: id: {...}}
const user = await User.find({ "token.id": 1 });
```

* [`Model.deleteMany()`](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#model_Model.deleteMany)
* [`Model.deleteOne()`](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#model_Model.deleteOne)
* [`Model.find()`](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#model_Model.find) //Returns `[]`  if not found
* [`Model.findById()`](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#model_Model.findById) //basically fineOne
* [`Model.findByIdAndDelete()`](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#model_Model.findByIdAndDelete)
* [`Model.findByIdAndRemove()`](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#model_Model.findByIdAndRemove)
* [`Model.findByIdAndUpdate()`](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#model_Model.findByIdAndUpdate)
* [`Model.findOne()`](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#model_Model.findOne) //Returns `null` if not found
* [`Model.findOneAndDelete()`](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#model_Model.findOneAndDelete)
* [`Model.findOneAndRemove()`](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#model_Model.findOneAndRemove)
* [`Model.findOneAndReplace()`](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#model_Model.findOneAndReplace)
* [`Model.findOneAndUpdate()`](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#model_Model.findOneAndUpdate) //returns found documents
* [`Model.replaceOne()`](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#model_Model.replaceOne)
* [`Model.updateMany()`](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#model_Model.updateMany)
* [`Model.updateOne()`](https://mongoosejs.com/docs/api.html#model_Model.updateOne) //returns object with nModified being 0

#### Count

returns number >= 0

```javascript
const showCount = await Show.countDocuments({ _id: show_id });
const showExists = (await Show.countDocuments({ _id: show_id })) > 0;
```

## Advanced

### Model Instance Methods

```javascript
  // define a schema
  var animalSchema = new Schema({ name: String, type: String });

  // assign a function to the "methods" object of our animalSchema
  animalSchema.methods.findSimilarTypes = function(cb) {
    return this.model('Animal').find({ type: this.type }, cb);
  };
```

```
  var Animal = mongoose.model('Animal', animalSchema);
  var dog = new Animal({ type: 'dog' });

  dog.findSimilarTypes(function(err, dogs) {
    console.log(dogs); // woof
  });
```

### Upsert

```javascript
//create if doesn't exist yet too
const user = await User.findOneAndUpdate({ email: profile.email }, payload, {
  upsert: true,
  new: true, //return new user not old one
  setDefaultsOnInsert: true
}).exec();
```

### References

```javascript
const mongoose = require('mongoose');
const Schema = mongoose.Schema;

const authorSchema = Schema({
  name    : String,
  stories : [{ type: Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'Story' }] //model saved as
});
```

To get all stories authored, have to do a find of bob.\_id

```javascript
Story
.find({ author : bob._id })...
```

Can also fill in the field with the right model

```javascript
const story = await Story
.findOne({ title: 'Bob goes sledding' });;
await story.populate("author").execPopulate();
story.author.name;
```

#### Callback Style

Callback Style

```javascript
awesome_instance.save(function (err) {
  if (err) return handleError(err);
  // saved!
});

User.find({}, function(err, users) {});
// find all athletes who play tennis, selecting the 'name' and 'age' fields
Athlete.find({ 'sport': 'Tennis' }, 'name age', function (err, athletes) {
  if (err) return handleError(err);
  // 'athletes' contains the list of athletes that match the criteria.
})
```