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On this page
  • Real
  • Is this different than historical SSR like Next.js getStaticProps?
  • Features
  • Usage
  • Composing Client in Server
  • Advanced
  1. README

Server Components

PreviousRenderingNextSetting up React

Last updated 8 months ago

Server Components for Working Devs

Two questions: Oh there's a new thing. Should I switch and why? And how is it different then existing SSR like Next.js get Static Props? And the meta question, should I just learn it now if its the future or is it experimental like other React stuff useTransaction or useAction that is more usecase specific/a curiosity?

  • Unclear,

Now that we know how it works? Are there problems with adoption rn? Will I run into weird errors?

Real

Stable in v19

Is this different than historical SSR like Next.js getStaticProps?

  • It is a very similar with the same benefits

    • Historically SSR didn't make app interactive faster(maybe on really slow clients), but made loading state appear earlier

    • Simpler colocated api requests

    • auth can be done earlier, failed requests can handled/redirected sooner

    • seo benefits

  • But different implementation with more React support that makes it more efficient, Selective Hydration

    • Combining with , note this stuff can be used seperately from Server Components but work well together:

      • ![Screenshot 2024-08-10 at 10.58.54 PM](/Users/jfuentes/Library/Containers/at.EternalStorms.Yoink/Data/Documents/YoinkPromisedFiles.noIndex/yoinkFilePromiseCreationFolder8FCEB93D-1E61-490C-9A0D-101305B141E6/add8FCEB93D-1E61-490C-9A0D-101305B141E6/Screenshot 2024-08-10 at 10.58.54 PM.png)

      • Basically historically it was full “waterfall”: fetch data (server) → render to HTML (server) → load code (client) → hydrate (client), now you can do this for each part of the tree

        • So historically, if you had a comments component that was complicated it would increase first load of everything else, and while hydrating nothing would be interactive until everything was

          • Now you can wrap comments in Suspense to indicate it can start streaming and hydrating without waiting,

    • Less bundle size = less bandwidth usage, server components aren't included in build so while first paint/content painted same, the time to interactive is faster

      • Means we can use huge libraries() serverside with no performance impact, so changes way to think about tradeoffs

  • Server Components can be used

  • “Server Side Rendering” is an umbrella term meaning initial render (ie the HTML) sent to client happens on the server

    • Static site generation(SSG) is at build time, but you could do runtime. Both are distinct from Server Components

      • Traditional SSR hydrates a dom passed as string, but server components pass react elements(JSON) that React runs on client -

        • This means SSR will give HTML before any js loads, while Server Components are only shown after React loads it

          • See the html generated/under the hood of Server Components

  • Server Components can be rendered at either build or request time

    • Next.js makes it static/buildtime by default

Features

  • Runs some component code at runtime server side

    • Not static state generation(SSG) which can still be useful

    • Why? Instead of fetching in useEffect clientside after loading and parsing js packages, can run on server closer to db

  • Can use both rendered Server Components and dynamic Client Components(client components can render on server too bad name)

  • Server Components never re-render ie no useState etc

    • "use client" directive to use these interactive hooks

    • Note "use server" is for server actions not server components

  • await in server component will stop rendering with streaming support for Suspense

Usage

  • Use Next.js, could use something else but annoying bundling/hydrating/server/router setup

  • Pattern is to put interactive use client as low as possible

  • Need to explicitly mark interactive components use client

    • use client means all children are also client, it sets the boundary

  • You can’t directly nest Server Components inside Client Components, you can pass Server Components as props/children to Client Components

import marked from 'marked'; // Not included in bundle
import sanitizeHtml from 'sanitize-html'; // Not included in bundle

async function Page({page}) {
  // NOTE: loads *during* render, when the app is built.
  const content = await file.readFile(`${page}.md`);
  
  return <div>{sanitizeHtml(marked(content))}</div>;
}

Composing Client in Server

notes.ts

//Server Component
import Expandable from './Expandable';

async function Notes() {
  const notes = await db.notes.getAll();
  return (
    <div>
      {notes.map(note => (
        <Expandable key={note.id}>
          <p note={note} />
        </Expandable>
      ))}
    </div>
  )
}

Expandable.ts

// Client Component
"use client"

export default function Expandable({children}) {
  const [expanded, setExpanded] = useState(false);
  return (
    <div>
      <button
        onClick={() => setExpanded(!expanded)}
      >
        Toggle
      </button>
      {expanded && children}
    </div>
  )
}

In the browser, the Client Components will see output of the Server Components passed as static props.

Advanced

  • Watch out for using server components under client components

    • Next.js removes env variables to prevent API key leaks so watch up if you are calling external API as clientside version fail

  • await will suspend React across server/client boundary

    • Meaning you can choose to await on the client by passing a promise

// Server Component
import db from './database';

async function Page({id}) {
  // Will suspend the Server Component.
  const note = await db.notes.get(id);
  
  // NOTE: not awaited, will start here and await on the client. 
  const commentsPromise = db.comments.get(note.id);
  return (
    <div>
      {note}
      <Suspense fallback={<p>Loading Comments...</p>}>
        <Comments commentsPromise={commentsPromise} />
      </Suspense>
    </div>
  );
}

comments.ts

// Client Component
"use client";
import {use} from 'react';

function Comments({commentsPromise}) {
  // NOTE: this will resume the promise from the server.
  // It will suspend until the data is available.
  const comments = use(commentsPromise);
  return comments.map(commment => <p>{comment}</p>);
}
  • Instead of having the component definition in a JS file, we have the component's returned value inlined in a <script> tag. This mean JS smaller, HTML bigger so Server Components aren't totally free but overall should be smaller

use client marking Dashboard component and children as as client components
Suspense and the new Streaming SSR architecture
syntax highlighting?
without SSR
Source
here